The landscape of the Val d’Orcia (the valley of the river Orcia) took form starting from the Middle Ages, when little country churches, villages and farms started to be built around that territory. These old settlements still exist today to a rather large extent and preserve the ancient rural atmospheres and traditions. The poetic landscape of the Orcia Valley inspired the Renaissance artists of the Sienese School and became, over the centuries, the symbol of an ideal lifestyle in harmony with nature.
[expand title=”The passage of man in nature – Paths of harmony”]
The aspect of the Orcia Valley reflects the settlement and distribution dynamics of the central Italian population since the Early Middle Ages; from the manorial economic system, the region passed to encastellation when the transit of men and goods was resumed along the Via Francigena, one of the most important routes connecting Rome with the world beyond the Alps. The demographic regression of the period between the fourteenth and the fifteenth century and the construction of houses (with a greater scattering of isolated buildings around the territory) was no longer linked to the medieval fortifications, but started to be more connected with farming activities, from sharecropping to the growing of cereals, vineyards, olive groves and sheep breeding, which required transhumance. It was the theme of the passage, also reflected in the particular phenomenon of sheep transhumance, that symbolically characterised life in the Orcia Valley and gave it a specific value as a place where of exchanges, balance and harmony between men and nature. These lands reached the present shape through the centuries, particularly during the Renaissance, when the valley and its ecclesiastical structures were defined within the framework of a broad “government” project for the territories of the Siena area, in connection with the movements of dioceses and religious orders, in line with the architectural ideals of the time. Another type of passage that can be seen as another essential feature of the valley is the flowing of the river Orcia. Rivers have always identified inhabited lands from material, symbolic and historical perspectives all over the world. Considered as an opportunity or an instrument, sometimes the source of trouble to be faced or a lucky circumstance to be used, the river crosses, can be crossed and allows passage, representing an original and natural movement that accompanies man all the time while he is continuously changing the landscape around.[/expand]
[expand title=”An idyllic landscape whose beauty has lasted through the centuries thanks to art”]
In the Renaissance, art, as a depiction of reality, chose an excellent subject – the Val d’Orcia – to fix, through the masters of painting, the criteria of an extraordinary natural beauty. Gentle hills like soft dunes, golden expanses of wheat, fields crossed by rows of cypress trees standing against the sky, all give the surrounding landscape a unique personality and chromatic contrasts; the vineyard bordering the shrub at the bottom of the valley, the dirt paths like frames: these are the views that fascinated and bewitched Renaissance artists who were looking for that idealized and mythological nature that could raise the human soul. The rich and splendid horizon of the Orcia Valley became the preferred subject for the Sienese School of Painting, which developed between the thirteenth and the fifteenth centuries and, through the gradual expression and blossoming of the landscape in painting as a cultural image, gave shape to its character as element provided with its own aesthetic value. In their works, the painters of the Sienese School, including the Lorenzetti brothers and Simone Martini, fixed the traits of the Tuscan landscape, that would become a reference model to depict the beauty of the Italian territory and a unique experience for the history of global art.[/expand]
[expand title=”UNESCO Heritage Sites”]
The area considered as UNESCO Heritage Site includes towns of the the municipalities of Castiglione d’Orcia, Montalcino, Pienza, Radicofani, and San Quirico d’Orcia.[/expand]